Improvement in smut-mills



D. PEASE.

Smut Mill.

No. 40,060. Patentedv Sept. 22, 1863.

4W.. flllll-III f e all PATENT Trice.

DAN PEASEVOF FLOYD, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN SMUT-MILLS.

Speciiication forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,060, (lated September 29, 1863.

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, DAN PEASE, of Floyd, in the county of Oneida and State ot' New York, have invented a new and useful irnprovenient in smut-mills, or machines for cleansing wheat and other grain from smut and other impurities; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, together with the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature ot' my improvement consists in producing a stationary hollow cylinder for the outside shell of a smut-machine, composed of numerous small cast-iron pieces made hard and durable, and so constructed as to form, when put together as herein described, a cylinder appropriately made for cleansing the grain and discharging the dust in an advantageous manner, and to endure the operation much longer than the smut-machines now in use. For convenience in use, this cylinder is made in two halves, and is put together in such manner as that either half may be taken away from the other at pleasure, thus making accessible the internal or evolving portion of the machine.

Figure 1 of the drawings hereto annexed is a perspective elevation of the machine when put together and ready for use. A B is the frame, and C the external surface of the stationary cylinder.

Fig. 2 is the same machine, with the front half of the stationary cylinder taken away, disclosing the revolver D within.

Fig. 3 is the half of the stationary cylinder removed and reversed in its position, showing its interior surface.

Figs. 4, 5, and 6 exhibit the ordinary full size and the form of the three kinds of pieces from which the stationary cylinder is formed. It is formed of the pieces shown in Fig. 4, except the pieces at the termination of each semicircle, which come together when the two halves are put together. These are of the character shown in Figs. 5 and 6. They meet where the two halves are joined.

Fig. 7 exhibits a few pieces of a single layer, showing how these pieces are put together. Here are two pieces from each half-circle, showing the junction of the two half-circles at I. They are laid down here on an enlarged circle. The courses are laid one upon another clear round, until the desired height is obtained. In order that the cylinder should be upright and have a uniform bearing of the pieces, the points c, Fig. 4, are of exactly equal thickness, as are also the points e, Figs. 5 and 6, and the thickness around the orifices o is only one-halt' of that before mentioned, as one eye is to be laid over another in building up, and the vertical diameter ofthe stein ot' each piece is a little less than the thickness at c, in order that the proper interstice for the escape or" the dust may be afforded between.

Fig. Sis one of these pieces broken oli' in order to show the shape ot' thc body of these pieces, as at f. This is better shown by the cross-sections d d d in Fig. 9, where the crosssections of the stems of three ot' these pieces show how they lie in relation to each other when the cylinder is formed. g is the inner and 71. the outer side. The pieces lie edge to edge, the longest diameter of the stem being perpendicular, with a small space or' nearly the sixteenth of an inch in width left between for the escape of the dust, and yet not to permit the passage of the grain. Thepieccs do not lie for their whole width opposite to each other, but are opposite one-halt their width only, and proper bevels are formed on the opposite pieces to promote their matching each other at the ends, as well as to aid their draft from the sand in casting. Their position in rela tion to each other is such that the center line of the stem of each piece is always opposite to the space between the adjoining two pieces. The grain, therefore, in being carried swiftly around by the revolving cylinder within, does not pursue the trenches between these pieces uninterruptedly, but is constantly divided in its passage where it comes in contact with the interior surface of the cylinder by the alternation of ridges and spaces. The curves k, Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, continually met with in the circuit, tend to throw the grain back from the surface, admitting the air among it, and assistingin its cleansing. These ridges are a little flattened at the curves, not being at this point quite so prominent. To increase the durability of the cylinder, the portion of the body of these cast-iron pieces next to and adjoining the opposite edges is suddenly widened out and made thicker anl more full on the back side, as shown by the cross-sections d, Fig. 9. This increases the substance exposed to wear, and yet leaves' sufficient room for the free exit for the air and dust. These cast-iron pieces are held together and the cylinder secured by upright rods, which pass vertically through the orifices 0 in the projecting ears which are cast upon both ends of' all the pieces, excepting those shown in Figs. 5 and G, which have but one orice f'or the rods, as is shown by the figures. In the case of these last-mentioned pieces the rods, instead of passing through orifices, as in other cases, stand in the angles Z, Figs. 5 and 6.

The bottoni head, m, Fig. 1, as well as the top n, is also in halves, and is readily removed and replaced with the halfcylinder. The vertical rods pass through the bottom and top heads also, and bind the whole together. 'lhese rods have their heads under side of the bottom head, and the wholeisdrawn together by the screw-nuts B on the top head.

The half-cylinders are held together by the pins o", passing through the bottom head into the frame, and by the clamps t, screwed down across the line of connection. By removing these fastenings either half of the cylinder may be removed at pleasure. Suitable patterns being provided f'or casting, these pieces require very little, if any, dressing to be put into the cylinder. The bottom head, m, Fig. l, is first constructed, and the vertical rods before mentioned are set into it in the position they are to occupy in the finished cylinder. The cast-iron pieces are then strung onto these rods, and, beginning at the bottom, layer after layer is added until the semicircles have acquired sufficient height. The cover or top head is then prepared also in halves, and by means of corresponding holes for the upper ends of the rods is slipped down upon the rods forming the top of the cylinder, and the screw-nuts l) are applied to fasten. In commencin g the first layer of these pieces, those coming in contact with the bottom, heilig every alternate piece, are let into the wooden bottom for about one-fourth of their thickness, and a lining of suitable thickness of sheet-iron is then laid upon the bottom inside all round adjoining the cylinder for about two inches in width, to assist in contracting theselower apertures and to prevent wear of the bottom. A similar course is also taken at the top, where the last layer comesin contact with the top head. In laying up the cylinder proper cafe and preparation are to be observed at the beginning for the insertion of the dischargespout S. AThe pieces for three or more of the first layers, according to the size of the machine, for a length sufficient for the spout are to be left off. Before commencing the layers a suitable plate, U, is made for a covering for the spout-hole. This plate is inserted as shown in the figure, and the rods, instead of passing up through the bottom head at this point, pass up only through this plate, which has suitable countersinks cast in its under side to receive their heads. This plate is kept to its place and held up firmly against the incumbent cylinder by the vertical rods when they are screwed up at the top. 'Vhen the` plate is thus drawn up and the cylinder isp formed,the spout S is inserted and the wooden filling V is put in to complete the inclosure. Ehe curved plate XV is of h ard cast-iron, to prevent wear from the swift discharge of the grain. Its curvature occasions the grain to be discharged downward and below the bottom head ofthe machine, by reason of which it be comes practicable to incase the machine by a tight inclosure'above and independent of the discharge. By this arrangement the dust, being confined within this inclosure, may be conducted oftl into the open air outside of the building. This spout, as it appears on the inside of' the cylinder, is seen at S, Fig. 3. U is the edge of the covering-plate first mentioned. V is the wooden filling covered with sheetiron on this side to prevent wear, and X are plates of sheet iron lining laid upon the bottom, as before described, for the saine purpose.

The internal or revolving cylinderis seen in its proper position at D, Fig. 2. This does not differ essentially from the revolving cylinders of other smut-machines heretofore constructed by me, although I have made some improvements upon it. It consists of an up. right shaft, a., Fig. 2, resting in a step or socket on the bed-piece of the frame at E, its upper bearing being in the cross-bar of the frame, as shown at F. To this is firmly fixed the cylinder D, of a length sufficient to hold the wooden cleats G, which are firmly screwed to it. 0n the sides of' these cleats are fastened the sheet-iron wings h. The cylinder to which the cleats and wings are attached is only of sufficient length to afford a sufficient fastening for the cleats. rThe wings extend down below the termination of the cylinder f'or about one-third of their length, so that considerable open space is lef't around the Y lower part of the shaft. The part of the wing extending below the cylinder is widened out toward the shaft, and is bent a little forward, as is also the lower end ot' the front part of the wing. These cleats and wings are not usually placed perpendicular upon the cylinder, but for the purpose of a necessary draft to carry down the grain they incline a little at the top in the direction of the movement. Over all and around the shaft is placed the sheet-iron head N, and on the top of this are the cast-iron clearers @riveted down on the sheet-iron head, and projecting upward about one and one-fourth inch. The grain without these clearers would fall in a sheet over the edge of the revolving cylinder, and would not be effectually struck by the wings before descending several inches down the chamber, and then the sudden concussion would rapidly wear away the wings. vent this, these clearers, situated immediately adjoining the edge of the cylinder, throw the To -prea grain violently against the opposite surface of the stationary cylinder, at the very top of the chamber, thus adding several inches to 'he efficient length of the chamber. The revolving Wings and a violent current of air then continue the whirling agitation of the grain, thus greatly mitigating the wear of wings, and more ett'ectually cleansing the grain.

To prevent Wear of the sheet-iron head at the base of each clearer, 011 the side of the concussion wh ere the grain strikes with great violence, the base ofthe cast-iron clearer is extended a little on this side also, as shown in the dra-wings, running out to an edge, lying ilat on the sheet-iron surface, which' extension of the cast-iron base receives the concussion of the grain at the angle of the clearer and relieves the sheet-iron from wear. The whole, ofcourse, corresponds in length and diameter with the outside stationary cylinder, leaving sufficient* space above, below, and around the revolving cylinder for its free operation.

The grain is introduced through the spout H, Fig. 1, at the top, and is discharged at the spoilt S at the bottom. The air is received through a large opening in the bottom head around the shaft, and passes out with the dust through the small openings between the cast-iron pieces of which the stationary cylinder is composed, as described, a. swift and g powerful circulation of air being kept up by the great velocity given to the revolving cylinder, the power being applied by a belt upon the pulley K.

I do not claim, generally, the construction of a cast-iron cylinder for a smut-machine, as lt)hese have long been in use in different forms What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A stationary hollow cylinder for a smutmachine composed of small cast-iron pieces, constructed, combined, and connected as herein described, and for the purposes described.

2. Separately, the construction of the castiron pieces ot which the said cylinder is coinposed in such manner and form as that the internal trenches alternate with the intervening ridges, as herein described, and for the purposes described.

3. The clearers w on the top covering of the revolving' cylinder, constructed, and arranged as described, and for the purposes described.

The whole being constructed, combined, and arranged substantially in the manner herein set forth.

DAN PEASE. Vitnesses:

WILLIAM BAKER, HENRY BARNUM. 

